What type of isomerism is exhibited by compounds with the same molecular formula but different connectivity of atoms?

The correct answer identifies structural isomerism, which refers to compounds that share the same molecular formula but differ in the way their atoms are connected to one another. This type of isomerism can involve variations in the arrangement of carbon skeletons, the presence of functional groups in different locations, or even the branching of carbon chains.

For example, consider butanol (C4H10O), which can exist in different structural forms: n-butanol, isobutanol, and others, each with unique connectivity of the atoms. This shows how the same molecular formula can yield distinct compounds depending on the specific connections of the atoms.

Geometric isomerism and stereoisomerism, in contrast, pertain to isomers that have the same connectivity but differ in the spatial arrangement of their atoms. Geometric isomerism specifically occurs due to restricted rotation around a bond (often due to double bonds or ring structures), while stereoisomerism includes both geometric isomers and more complex arrangements like enantiomers and diastereomers, which are characterized by their three-dimensional orientation.