What is the IUPAC name for a benzene with a nitro group (NO2) attached?

The correct IUPAC name for a benzene with a nitro group attached is nitrobenzene. In the nomenclature of aromatic compounds, the substituents on the benzene ring take precedence in naming. The nitro group (NO2) is a well-defined substituent whose name follows the prefix "nitro." Therefore, when a nitro group is attached to a benzene ring, it is named "nitrobenzene," indicating the presence of the nitro group as a substituent on the benzene structure.

The other names provided are not used in IUPAC naming for this compound. "Aminobenzene" refers to an aniline structure with an amino group (NH2) instead of a nitro group. "Benzene nitrate" suggests a different compound involving a nitrate group, which does not appropriately describe the structure featuring a nitro group. "Benzene nitro" does not adhere to traditional IUPAC nomenclature conventions, which prefer the use of "nitro" as a prefix before the base name (benzene). Thus, nitrobenzene is the most accurate and accepted name.