How are aldehydes typically named in IUPAC nomenclature?

Aldehydes are designated in IUPAC nomenclature by using the suffix -al. This naming convention reflects the functional group characteristic of aldehydes, which is the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of the carbon chain, specifically bonded to a hydrogen atom. When the longest carbon chain containing the aldehyde functional group is identified, the aldehyde is named by replacing the -e ending of the corresponding alkane with -al. For example, the simplest aldehyde, formaldehyde, is derived from methane by replacing the -e with -al, resulting in the name methanal.

The other options represent different functional groups. The suffix -one is used for ketones, which have a carbonyl group situated within the carbon chain. The suffix -yne denotes alkynes, which contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. The suffix -ene is associated with alkenes, which have at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Understanding these suffixes allows for precise identification and classification of various organic compounds in systematic nomenclature.